Psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein Biography

Psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein Biography History and Biographies Print Sabina Spielrein Biography One of the First Female Psychoanalysts By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on May 12, 2018 More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Sabina Spielrein was a Russian doctor and one of the first female psychoanalysts. She is also known as  Carl Jungs patient and student and was rumored to have had a romantic relationship with Jung.  Spielrein was the first woman to write a psychoanalytic dissertation. No ashes, no coal can burn with such glowas a secretive loveof which no one must know.â€" Sabina Spielrein, from her diary, February 22, 1912 Early Life Sabina Spielrein was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, on November 7, 1885, into a wealthy Jewish family. Her father, Naphtul Arkadjevitch Spielrein, was a successful businessman and her mother, Emilia (Eva) Marcovna Lujublinskaja, was a dentist. Her maternal grandfather and great-grandfather were rabbis who had arranged Emilias marriage to her Jewish husband. While the household was strict and at times even abusive, her parents placed a heavy emphasis on education and Sabina grew up speaking Russian, German, French, and English. Spielrein, Jung, and Freud In 1904 at the age of 19, she was admitted to the Burghölzli mental hospital in Switzerland, apparently suffering symptoms of what was then known as hysteria. She became a patient of psychoanalyst Carl Jung who described her as voluptuous with a serious, dreamy expression. Spielrein remained at the hospital until 1905. Spielrein was evidently the reason Jung initially reached out to Sigmund Freud. Jung had learned about Freuds techniques and in 1906 he wrote a letter to the famous psychoanalyst to ask for advice about a challenging case involving a young Russian woman. The rest, as they say, is history. Jung and Freud soon became friends and intellectual confidants and Jung frequently corresponded with his colleague about Sabina. Spielrein is the person I wrote you about, Jung wrote to Freud in a letter on June 4, 1909. She was, of course, systematically planning my seduction, which I considered inopportune. Now she is seeking revenge. Lately, she has been spreading a rumor that I shall soon get a divorce from my wife and marry a certain girl student, which has thrown not a few of my colleagues into a flutter... Spielrein served as a recurrent topic of their discussions and likely contributed to the early development of psychoanalysis. In addition to his dialogues with Freud, Jung also wrote case studies focused on Sabina. Relationship With Jung Spielrein became Jungs laboratory assistant and later entered medical school where she studied psychiatry at Jungs suggestion. Today, many believe that Spielrein and Jung also became romantically involved, although the extent of the relationship has been debated. These suggestions are based on the letters exchanged between the two as well as Sabinas own journal entries. Letters between them indicate intense emotional and intellectual involvement. While some suggest that the relationship was purely emotional, historian, and psychoanalyst Peter Loewenberg argues that the affair was sexual and therefore a breach of Jungs professional ethics. According to Loewenberg, the relationship jeopardized [Jungs] position at the Burghölzli and led to...his departure from the University of Zurich. Career and Later Life In 1911, Sabina graduated from medical school and began her own psychoanalytic practice during the relationship with Jung. The relationship had been going on for several years until Jung determined that his involvement with Spielrein was detrimental to his career and ended the affair. Spielrein moved to Vienna, Austria, in 1911 and joined the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association. In 1912, she married a Russian physician named Pavel Scheftel and later had two daughters, Irma Renata in 1912 and Eva in 1924. At some point, Scheftel left her and fathered a child with another woman before returning to his wife along with the daughter from the other relationship. After working in Germany and Switzerland, Spielrein eventually returned to Russia and played a critical role in introducing psychoanalysis there. During the 1930s, Spielreins husband died and her three brothers, Isaak, Emil and Jean, were all killed during Stalins reign of terror. In 1942, Sabina and her two daughters were murdered by a German death squad along with thousands of other citizens of Rostov-on-Don. After her life was cut tragically short, her contributions to psychology were largely forgotten for many years. During the 1970s, her papers and the letters she exchanged with Jung were uncovered and published. Contributions to Psychology Through her relationship with Jung, Sabina Spielrein had a direct effect on the development of psychoanalysis, as well as the growth of Jungs own ideas and techniques. However, it would be wrong to suggest that this was Spielreins only contribution to psychology. She was the first person to introduce the idea of the death instincts, a concept that Freud would later adopt as part of his own theory. In addition to introducing psychoanalysis to Russia, Spielrein also influenced other thinkers of the time including Jean Piaget and Melanie Klein. Spielreins full legacy may not yet be fully realized. While she wrote thirty psychoanalytic papers in French and German, many have not yet been translated. The oblivion into which Spielrein has fallen is remarkable. She was a major figure in the development of the psychoanalytic movementâ€"and a rare woman in that field, suggests Karen Hall of the Jewish Womens Archive. One can only hope that more of her story will be discovered and that more research will focus on the work that Spielrein did personally. She faced many obstacles, both because she was a woman working in a predominantly male profession and because she was Jewish during a period of violent antisemitism. Her tragic death cut short a life of promise. Spielrein in the Arts Sabina has recently become the subject of books, films, and plays, including: A Secret Symmetry: Sabina Spielrein Between Freud and Jung, a 1982 book by Aldo CarotenutoA Most Dangerous Method, a 1993 book by John KerrSabina, a 1998 play by Snoo WilsonIch hieß Sabina Spielrein (My Name was Sabina Spielrein), a documentary made in 2002  The Talking Cure, a play written in 2003 by Christopher HamptonSabina Spielrein: Forgotten Pioneer of Psychoanalysis, a published in 2003 that includes extracts from Sabinas diary and letters exchanged with Jung  A Dangerous Method, a 2011 film starring Keira Knightley as Spielrein

Essay on Employee Motivation and Performance - 17868 Words

[pic] Master of Business Administration (MBA) An analysis of the Effects of Rewards and Compensation on Employees’ Motivation and Performance Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements to the University of Wales for the award of the Degree Of Master of Business Administration (MBA) April 2012 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. |Signed | |(Candidate) | |Date | | |†¦show more content†¦|Signed | |(Candidate) | |Date | | | ABSTRACT Working with full potential and applying all efforts to the work in order to get a higher level of productivity, an employee also expecting the reward and recognition from the organization. Most of the time the organizations are having not very valid performance management system, sometimes, those employees get the promotions or comparatively putting less efforts than the other employees therefore , those employees that are applying all their efforts in order to get the reward are less motivated and demoralized . Those employees try to compensate themselves according to their own thinking. Most of the time these employees lower their productivity level because they did not get the reward for which they were applying their efforts. This can be a disaster for any organization and its productivity. As a result, when the loyal and more productive employees are not giving their best efforts, the overall productivity of the organization comes to a lower level. 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The first reason is to motivate employees intoRead MoreEmployee Motivation And Job Performance Evaluation Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagesworkers’ performance; in doing so, it will promote an effective strategy which can be outlined with an accurate, clear description of the job. In addition, to the evaluation of the workers’ performance through a job performance evaluation. An organization must understand their employees and what tools and skills are needed to be successful in the outline position, the need to make and maintain reachable goals and managers will need to lead by example; thus, creating employee motivation and increasedRead MoreImpact of Motivation on Employee Job Performance11448 Words   |  46 Pagesabout his or her underlying motivation. Motivation is a decision-making process, through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes and sets in motion the behavior appropriate to them. Motivation is defined as an urge in an individual to perform goal directed behavior. 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Essay on Steroids Effects on baseball and the Players

Steroids have taken over the game of baseball and more players are starting to get involved with them. Steroids are a big part of the Major League today in 2014, yet they entered the game of baseball through trainer Curtis Wenzlaff in 1992. Players and the game’s images are ravaged when they become caught up in steroids. Some of the best players to ever play the game of baseball have been caught up in steroids, including Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, and Mark McGwire. Players with this level of skill are supposed to be role models for younger kids, yet younger kids see that they used steroids and are tempted to use them. When their young, impressionable minds witness steroids use, naturally kids attempt to imitate their idols. More†¦show more content†¦Also, steroids can cause men’s testicals to shrink (Mitchell 55). Baseball players who use steroids are so mentally focused on the positive effects of steroids that they forget to think about the negative effects on mental health, the liver, the cardiovascular system, and the reproductive system. The main type of steroids causing all this chaos to the body are called Anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids are used the most often in Major League Baseball (MLB). The reasons why MLB players get caught up in Anabolic steroids is because they have so much pressure on them to hit home runs, get on base, and entertain. To help them cope with their pressure, they turn to Anabolic steroids because of the fast gains and positive impacts players experience after treatment. This is a positive for baseball fans, who have seen an increase in home runs hit; for example, in just a five-year span between 1961 and 1996, there was an increase of nine players who hit at least forty home runs in just one season. Anabolic steroids also make one’s hands faster and they increase muscle in areas like the pectorals and forearms. When players are going through a slump and they hear about all of these benefits of Ana bolic steroids, they are tempted by this easy fix. Despite all of these positives, negatives also come with steroid use. Anabolic steroids can be taken two different ways - by injection, whichShow MoreRelated A Baseball Proposal Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesA Baseball Proposal Ever since the creation of Americas favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been an integral part of the game. Each era of baseball has offered new and improved techniques for cheating the game of baseball. Cheating has become a common occurrence in baseball, from the 1919 Chicago BlackRead MoreThe Effect of Steriods in Major League Baseball Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is known as America’s pastime and is one of the most popular, respected sports on earth. 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Energy Crisis in Pakistan Free Essays

Energy is the bloodline of a country’s economy. A continuous and sufficient energy `supply can ensure a healthy and progressive economy. Pakistan is unfortunate to face severe energy crisis in recent years. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Crisis in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The parting gap between demand and supply is mounting with every year and it is pushing the country into dark ages. Worst part of this menace is the fact the installed capacity of electricity can not only fulfill the energy demand but can also produce surplus amounts of energy. The highest peaks of energy demand are up to 14000 to 14,500 MW and the power generation capacity is 19.500MW. Hence the problem is an outcome of the absence of any viable solutions to add energy to the national grid. The pertaining factors which caused such an intense situation are expensive means of energy production, transmission line losses, lack of infrastructure, circular debts and electricity theft. In addition to that the economy is sinking like rock due to the quagmire of scarcity of power. It had serious implications on business activity and country faces a shutdown of industry, drain of capital, unemployment and no foreign direct investment. The falling economy took the crutches of foreign debts which caused soaring high amounts of utility bills. Now a days electricity situation is worst and country is challenged by an immense power blackout. The failure of the government to secure sustainable, dedicated and affordable energy supplies has resulted in closure of hundreds of units. It created an outcry in industrial community. It is high time to rectify the mistakes of past and implement long term and short term energy projects to fulfill the future day need of power. How to cite Energy Crisis in Pakistan, Papers

Ppg Developing a Self Directed Work Force free essay sample

The workers union in a non-self-directed workforce gave them headaches. The workers were only allowed to perform one job task. It prevented them from working efficiently. If a machine broke, a worker would not be allowed to fix it themselves because that was against union policy. They would have to wait for a repair person to come over and fix it. The inefficiency and over-hiring of personnel cost too much money. PPG believed they would save money and become more efficient by implementing a self-directed work force. PPG 3 For the hiring process in Berea, the employees had to have certain characteristics. They needed to be fast learners. They had to know how to do everyone’s job. If they didn’t know, they had to be trained on the spot and learn how to do it immediately. They needed to be self-motivated. If someone was doing bad work, they would need to know how to fix it or immediately train the person doing the job wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Ppg Developing a Self Directed Work Force or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That goes along with good communication skills and good teaching abilities. They needed team players since people working would be working together all the time. If a problem came up, they would need to have good problem solving skills. Since there would be no middle management, organization skills and perfectionism were going to be important too. The assessment center definitely found employees that were faster learners, had good communication skills, and good teaching abilities. The first simulation was to read instructions so that tested fast learning, being perfect, and how organized they were. The second simulation tested training abilities and communication. The third test was to test team skills and look for natural leaders. It was somewhat effective, but I don’t think it was truly effective. Natural leaders that work together often clash for power so in a real work environment, I would think that they’re natural leadership mentality would conflict with other natural leaders hired. I also think it lacked in self-motivation because, it was an interview. Everyone is always motivated for an interview. Self-motivation is very difficult to test I would think. In an interview, they would be motivated to get a job so they would do well. In the real world, they already have a job so what would their motivation be? It’s different for everyone. In the second simulation, they purposely threw in a jackass in there to screw things up and test patience. That’s bad. Just like motivation, patience is very difficult to test. In an interview, I’m sure anyone would be patient in teaching. PPG 4 In the real work environment, I would assume that some people would act differently. Similar to the Hawthorne studies, since they knew they are being watched, they’ll be good at being a cooperative good teacher. There was a complaint from candidates that they were confused. They didn’t know what to expect. They got lost and thought it was part of the test. So there’s a chance that the simulations missed some people that would have been great for the system. It helped find the employees strengths they were looking for. At the same time, since it was a test, it hid some weaknesses. Underlying tensions of the system: Resentment between support workers and technicians. Since they’re pretty much doing the same thing, I would make them all technicians. In this scenario, a title is pretty important value if there were two types of workers. Especially if the coordinator eventually calls on technicians to see what’s going on if there is a problem. If there needs to be a change in title, there should be technician and senior technician. At least the technicians in this case would also be responsible for problem solving duties, thus giving him more responsibility, more opportunities, and possible intrinsic rewards. Since everyone is a technician, I bet they would have more of a team atmosphere. Everyone would be equally responsible for a project. Plus, everyone would have opportunities become senior technicians over time. This resentment is also partially due to the hiring process. If the supporters were really self-motivated, then they would consistently ask to be taught something they don’t know. PPG 5 Coordinators worrying about working themselves out of a job: Similar to Kerr’s motivation problem, Kerr had several examples where a motivation leads to a negative or oppositely intended action. They need to be assured that their job is secure. The plant has a finite size, so there will need to be a finite number of coordinators. Have that number be guaranteed so no coordinators will be let go. Make sure coordinators train a certain number of people every day/week/month. That’ll help them secure their job. Plus, get rewards for training. Let them know, there’s always room for improvement. There are an infinite number of projects that need to be coordinated all of the time. 360 degree evaluation process might work here. A 36 week job rotation: The solution to this problem is to increase more ergonomic equipment and supplies. They need ergonomic, chairs, stations, back braces, arm braces, wrist braces, leg braces and knee braces. They need to take more frequent breaks in between working hours. Proper stretching before working will help as well. Ergonomics training classes should be held to educate workers about repetitive motion sickness. Job rotation can then be increased back to 50 hours. Recognition and rewards, didn’t want to get praised. Praise and individual rewards should be given privately. Team rewards should be implemented. Promotions should be decided by a combination of seniority and possibly 360 degree evaluation. Maybe even by voting? Employees unhappy about shift rotations and company policy. More pay to people that work night shifts. Don’t delegate shifts. Let employees decide first. Seniority gets priority. Maybe change them on a yearly basis. PPG 6 Management can’t give company policy powers to the workers. Management needs to make those decisions and stick by them. If the employees make those types of decisions, the benefits might become outrageous. It sounds like they still need a union. A union that will let workers do multiple tasks and have more flexibility. Reward systems that can help PPG, skill based pay – based on skill. Get certified, get a raise. The more jobs mastered, the higher the pay. Broad banding – create bands. Each band has a pay scale and employees move laterally in the band. Band one – supporters, technicians Band two – coordinators, middle management Band three – upper management Concierge service – services in the company so that employees have less to worry about and can concentrate on their job. Provide massages during breaks, basketball court – play ball during breaks, gain-sharing – share company financial gain with employees.

Consumer Councils in India Essays

Consumer Councils in India Essays Consumer Councils in India Essay Consumer Councils in India Essay Hence, because of all this, safeguarding consumer interests is a very important process for the government. Owing to all these, consumers consideration and protection has been taken care of since ancient times. During recent times, or contemporary times in India, the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is one of the most important things to have happened as it introduced a quasi-Judicial consumer dispute redressed mechanism for the first time which consists of Central Consumer Councils, State Consumer Council and District Consumer Council. Now in this research paper the researchers are going to deal with these consumer councils and how they deal with furthering and safeguarding the consumer interests in India. For this reason, various cases which the Councils have discussed has been put into this research paper to UT forth how the consumer interests are being taken care of. This research paper moves on after discussing about Consumer Protection Act, 1986 and the various councils set up under it. It also talks about consumer dispute redressed agencies set up under this act. Overall, there have been many other consumer protection laws, but they have all taken a backseat once the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 came upfront and this research paper mainly deals with the same. With all these new products stepping into the market with its new goods and services, consumer rights and interests have to be protected and when protection is needed, acts like Consumer Protection Act, 1986 come up and also these acts are modified as was done with this act in 1991, 1993 and 2002. Hence, this research project discusses every important change that came up and the need for it to further protect the consumer interests in India. Like adulterated food is dangerous to life. Further, in the words of Winfield: The principle has been extended from articles of food and drink and includes, inter alai, kiosks, hair dye, tombstones, industrial chemicals, toys, motor cars, lifts and scented erasers and poisonous pencils. the right to be informed about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard and price of goods or revise : It is to save consumers from false descriptions about the quality and quantity of the goods, exaggerated and misleading information about the goods power. Iii) the right of accession to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices : This right is based upon the belief that the consumers should be given wider choice through free competition and it is the best way to improve the quality and value for money. If a shopkeeper leaves no choice for the consumer but to buy a particular good only, the helpless consumer can bring the matter in front the council. He right to due attention at a ppropriate forums : Prior to the Consumer Protection Act, consumers had to approach the civil court for the settlement of the grievance which would take years. It frustrates the objective of right to speedy and simple remedy. Thus it is duty of the council to see that the consumer is heard and receives due consideration. (v) the right to seek redressed against exploitation, and restrictive and unfair trade practices : The consumer has the right to seek redressed against unscrupulous exploitation, and restrictive or unfair trade practices. Booking of a marriage lawn on non-refundable deposit has been led to be an unfair trade practice. V) the right to consumer education : For the proper functioning of the law, it is necessary that the people are aware of their legal rights. The Council has been charged with the responsibility of rendering consumers conscious of their rights and power under the act. The enforcement of these objectives is on various authorities under the Act. Independently of the administrative proceedings, individual consumers would have a right of action for damages, specific performance, a declaration, injunction and an ord er for the replacement or reparation of the goods.

A Brief History of Adidas

A Brief History of Adidas Although urban legend has it that the word Adidas is an anagram of the phrase all day I dream about sports, the athletic wear company gets its name from its founder, Adolph Adi Dassler. He and his brother founded the company that would become a worldwide brand, but their history as members of the Nazi Party isnt as well known. Beginnings of Adidas Shoes In 1920, at the age of 20, avid soccer player  Adolph  (Adi)  Dassler, son of a cobbler,  invented spiked shoes for track and field. Four years later Adi and his brother Rudolph (Rudi) founded the German sports shoe company  Gebrà ¼der Dassler OHG- later known as  Adidas. T By 1925 the Dasslers were making leather  shoes  with nailed studs and track shoes with hand-forged spikes. Beginning with the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam, Adis uniquely designed shoes began to gain a worldwide reputation.  Jesse Owens  was wearing a pair of Dasslers track shoes when he won four gold medals for the US  at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. At the time of his death in 1959, Dassler held over 700 patents related to sports shoes and other athletic equipment. In 1978, he was inducted into the American Sporting Goods Industry Hall of Fame as one of the founders of the modern sporting goods industry. The Dassler Brothers and World War II During the war, both Dassler brothers were members of the NSDAP (The National Socialist German Workers Party)  and eventually even produced a weapon called Panzerschreck an anti-tank bazooka, made with the help of forced labor. The Dasslers both joined the Nazi Party prior to the war, and Adi supplied shoes to the Hitler Youth movement, and to German athletes at the 1936 Olympics. Its also believed that Adi Dassler used Russian prisoners of war to help at his factory during the war since there was a labor shortage due to the war effort. The Dasslers had a falling out during the war; Rudolf believed Adi had identified him as a traitor to American forces. In 1948, Rudi founded what would later become Puma, a rival shoe company to Adidas. Adidas in the Modern Era In the 1970s, Adidas was the top athletic shoe brand sold in the US. Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier were both wearing Adidas boxing shoes in their Fight of the Century in 1971. Adidas was named the official supplier for the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Although still a strong, well-known brand today, Adidas share of the world sports shoe market dropped over the years, and what began as a German family business is now a corporation (Adidas-Salomon AG) combined with the French global concern Salomon. In 2004 Adidas bought Valley Apparel Company, a U.S. company that held licenses for outfitting more than 140 U.S. college athletic teams. In 2005 Adidas announced that it was purchasing the American shoemaker Reebok, which allowed it to compete more directly with Nike in the U.S. But the Adidas world headquarters are still located in Adi Dasslers hometown of Herzogenaurach. They also have an ownership stake in German soccer club 1. FC Bayern Mà ¼nchen.