Free Essays on False Justice

Bogus Justice Leandro Anrade, a thirty-multi year elderly person with a peaceful record, was condemned to fifty years to life in jail for taking 153 dollars worth of tapes. Leandro’s sentence is a crude result of California’s Three Strikes Laws. California’s Three Strikes Laws were raised in March of 1994 and have been the inside debate since their introduction. Essentially the laws express that on the off chance that anybody is indicted for any wrongdoing multiple times and it very well may be three unique violations, regardless of whether it be a unimportant, or genuine wrongdoing, they are condemned to a quarter century to life consequently. (Imprints 2) Do these laws even appear to be remotely objective? Not as indicated by California investigators, who just utilize the law in around 10% of the qualified cases. (Dolan and Perry 3) That implies 90% of all examiners in California disregard the over the top laws since they are not sensible decisions. For what reason would you even have the laws when it doesn’t accomplish the reason it was created to do? The purpose for that question lies in a single significant paradox; the laws are uncalled for to trivial wrongdoing guilty parties. When California’s voters denounced the laws in 1994 they were put impaired that it would just relate to lawful offense, or genuine wrongdoing feelings. The way that somebody can be sent to prison for at any rate a quarter century for composing terrible checks, taking recordings, selling drugs, etc is unjustifiable to the hoodlums and the citizens of California who need to pay for bigger penitentiaries to welcome in the gigantic measures of crooks who are condemned under the three strikes laws, 60% of them being peaceful wrongdoers. (Imprints 2) Overall the laws have diminished the crime percentages in California, yet that can likewise be the consequence of a pattern in that commonly the entire nation has been encountering inside the most recent ten years. These irrational laws ought to be adjusted in that they should just relate to lawful offenses and genuine offenses. Despite the fact that I expense... Free Essays on False Justice Free Essays on False Justice Bogus Justice Leandro Anrade, a thirty-multi year elderly person with a peaceful record, was condemned to fifty years to life in jail for taking 153 dollars worth of tapes. Leandro’s sentence is a crude result of California’s Three Strikes Laws. California’s Three Strikes Laws were raised in March of 1994 and have been the inside contention since their presentation. Essentially the laws express that on the off chance that anybody is indicted for any wrongdoing multiple times and it tends to be three unique violations, regardless of whether it be a trivial, or genuine wrongdoing, they are condemned to a quarter century to life naturally. (Imprints 2) Do these laws even appear to be remotely balanced? Not as indicated by California examiners, who just utilize the law in around 10% of the qualified cases. (Dolan and Perry 3) That implies 90% of all examiners in California disregard the crazy laws since they are not sensible decisions. For what reason would you even have the laws when it doesn’t accomplish the reason it was created to do? The explanation for that question lies in a single significant deception; the laws are shameful to negligible wrongdoing guilty parties. When California’s voters censured the laws in 1994 they were put impaired that it would just relate to lawful offense, or genuine wrongdoing feelings. The way that somebody can be sent to prison for at any rate a quarter century for composing terrible checks, taking recordings, selling drugs, etc is unreasonable to the crooks and the citizens of California who need to pay for bigger detainment facilities to welcome in the gigantic measures of hoodlums who are condemned under the three strikes laws, 60% of them being peaceful guilty parties. (Imprints 2) Overall the laws have diminished the crime percentages in California, however that can likewise be the aftereffect of a pattern in that commonly the entire nation has been encountering inside the most recent ten years. These a bsurd laws ought to be modified in that they should just relate to lawful offenses and genuine offenses. Despite the fact that I expense...

Great Gatsby, Detailed Analysis, Passage Chapter 1 (p.13-15) Essay

In this entry Nick Carraway is visiting his cousin Daisy and her significant other Tom Buchanan, a previous individual from Nick’s social club at Yale University, on East Egg. Inside, Daisy relax on a love seat with her companion, Jordan Baker, a serious golf player who yawns just as exhausted by her environmental factors. As Nick enters he portrays his two female sidekicks in extraordinary detail. F. Scott Fitzgerald utilizes symbolism on numerous events to help the peruser to picture the setting. He depicts the women’s dresses shuddering in the breeze as if they had â€Å"just been blown back in after a short trip around the house† (p.13). Fitzgerald additionally represents the ladies appearing to be â€Å"buoyed up..upon a tied down balloon† (p.13). He rehashes the illustration of inflatables as he relates that they appear to be â€Å"ballooning† to the ground as the breeze quiets. Scratch, the storyteller, proceeds to portray his organization. He does as such in extraordinary detail. The creator does this as to assist us with picturing Nick’s circumstance. The subject of white is initiated in this section (â€Å"They were both in white†, p.13) underlining the honesty and immaculateness of Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker. Fitzgerald makes the representation of the appearance basic for his perusers by utilizing clear models (â€Å"her jawline raised a bit, as though she were adjusting something on her chin†, p.14). He makes her show up practically graceful. Jordan is depicted as having an exhausted and passionless disposition about everything, which is all piece of her â€Å"I am unreasonably useful for you† appearance. Jordan Baker is by all accounts disregarding Nick upon his entrance (â€Å"If she saw me†¦she gave no trace of it-â€Å", p.14). This looks just as Jordan is putting on a show. The brain games could be believed to pass on that she is pulled in to Nick. The portrayal stops and we hear Daisy’s voice just because (â€Å"I’m p-incapacitated with happiness†, p.14). Scratch specifies her good cheer Daisy Buchanan’s outline is engaging. She appears to have taken a more noteworthy arrangement of enthusiasm for Nick in spite of the fact that there appears to be a trace of clumsiness in the room, potentially because of the way that the two have not seen each other in a long timeframe. She isn't named wonderful, the peruser does anyway get a notion that she is, as there is by all accounts a kind of air encompassing her (â€Å"That was a way she had.† p.14). The storyteller educates the peruser a smidgen concerning himself and how he isn't utilized to the rich way of life of the individuals of East Egg (â€Å"..any display of complete independence draws a dazed tribute from me†, p.14). This could imply that Nick is utilized to an all the more family orientated way of life were loved ones upheld and confided in each other more. As the discussion among Daisy and Nick proceeds, Scott Fitzgerald chooses to broadly expound on Daisy. He lists her discourse in outrageous detail (â€Å"..in her low exciting voice†¦the sort of voice that the ear follows up and down†¦as if every discourse is a course of action of notes.†, p.14). Scratch doesn't just remark on Daisy’s voice yet additionally her outward presentation, her face, her eyes and even her mouth. The narrator’s depiction of Daisy drives the peruser to accept that she is an individual of incredible magnificence. A woman with whom one could without much of a stretch begin to look all starry eyed at. Scratch is practically obsessional about his cousin, Nick not being the just one throughout the book. F. Scott Fitzgerald truly triumphs in his utilization of language. His language is brimming with concrete verbal pictures which are unfathomably speaking to the faculties. Besides his portrayals of setting, characters and imagery are in such sheer detail, it is outlandish for the peruser not to start envisioning what it, she, he or they more likely than not looked or even seemed like. This section acquaints us with two of the novel’s significant characters, Daisy and Jordan. It likewise the first occasion when we get a genuine tester of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s enlightening capacities.

Psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein Biography

Psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein Biography History and Biographies Print Sabina Spielrein Biography One of the First Female Psychoanalysts By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on May 12, 2018 More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Sabina Spielrein was a Russian doctor and one of the first female psychoanalysts. She is also known as  Carl Jungs patient and student and was rumored to have had a romantic relationship with Jung.  Spielrein was the first woman to write a psychoanalytic dissertation. No ashes, no coal can burn with such glowas a secretive loveof which no one must know.â€" Sabina Spielrein, from her diary, February 22, 1912 Early Life Sabina Spielrein was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russia, on November 7, 1885, into a wealthy Jewish family. Her father, Naphtul Arkadjevitch Spielrein, was a successful businessman and her mother, Emilia (Eva) Marcovna Lujublinskaja, was a dentist. Her maternal grandfather and great-grandfather were rabbis who had arranged Emilias marriage to her Jewish husband. While the household was strict and at times even abusive, her parents placed a heavy emphasis on education and Sabina grew up speaking Russian, German, French, and English. Spielrein, Jung, and Freud In 1904 at the age of 19, she was admitted to the Burghölzli mental hospital in Switzerland, apparently suffering symptoms of what was then known as hysteria. She became a patient of psychoanalyst Carl Jung who described her as voluptuous with a serious, dreamy expression. Spielrein remained at the hospital until 1905. Spielrein was evidently the reason Jung initially reached out to Sigmund Freud. Jung had learned about Freuds techniques and in 1906 he wrote a letter to the famous psychoanalyst to ask for advice about a challenging case involving a young Russian woman. The rest, as they say, is history. Jung and Freud soon became friends and intellectual confidants and Jung frequently corresponded with his colleague about Sabina. Spielrein is the person I wrote you about, Jung wrote to Freud in a letter on June 4, 1909. She was, of course, systematically planning my seduction, which I considered inopportune. Now she is seeking revenge. Lately, she has been spreading a rumor that I shall soon get a divorce from my wife and marry a certain girl student, which has thrown not a few of my colleagues into a flutter... Spielrein served as a recurrent topic of their discussions and likely contributed to the early development of psychoanalysis. In addition to his dialogues with Freud, Jung also wrote case studies focused on Sabina. Relationship With Jung Spielrein became Jungs laboratory assistant and later entered medical school where she studied psychiatry at Jungs suggestion. Today, many believe that Spielrein and Jung also became romantically involved, although the extent of the relationship has been debated. These suggestions are based on the letters exchanged between the two as well as Sabinas own journal entries. Letters between them indicate intense emotional and intellectual involvement. While some suggest that the relationship was purely emotional, historian, and psychoanalyst Peter Loewenberg argues that the affair was sexual and therefore a breach of Jungs professional ethics. According to Loewenberg, the relationship jeopardized [Jungs] position at the Burghölzli and led to...his departure from the University of Zurich. Career and Later Life In 1911, Sabina graduated from medical school and began her own psychoanalytic practice during the relationship with Jung. The relationship had been going on for several years until Jung determined that his involvement with Spielrein was detrimental to his career and ended the affair. Spielrein moved to Vienna, Austria, in 1911 and joined the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association. In 1912, she married a Russian physician named Pavel Scheftel and later had two daughters, Irma Renata in 1912 and Eva in 1924. At some point, Scheftel left her and fathered a child with another woman before returning to his wife along with the daughter from the other relationship. After working in Germany and Switzerland, Spielrein eventually returned to Russia and played a critical role in introducing psychoanalysis there. During the 1930s, Spielreins husband died and her three brothers, Isaak, Emil and Jean, were all killed during Stalins reign of terror. In 1942, Sabina and her two daughters were murdered by a German death squad along with thousands of other citizens of Rostov-on-Don. After her life was cut tragically short, her contributions to psychology were largely forgotten for many years. During the 1970s, her papers and the letters she exchanged with Jung were uncovered and published. Contributions to Psychology Through her relationship with Jung, Sabina Spielrein had a direct effect on the development of psychoanalysis, as well as the growth of Jungs own ideas and techniques. However, it would be wrong to suggest that this was Spielreins only contribution to psychology. She was the first person to introduce the idea of the death instincts, a concept that Freud would later adopt as part of his own theory. In addition to introducing psychoanalysis to Russia, Spielrein also influenced other thinkers of the time including Jean Piaget and Melanie Klein. Spielreins full legacy may not yet be fully realized. While she wrote thirty psychoanalytic papers in French and German, many have not yet been translated. The oblivion into which Spielrein has fallen is remarkable. She was a major figure in the development of the psychoanalytic movementâ€"and a rare woman in that field, suggests Karen Hall of the Jewish Womens Archive. One can only hope that more of her story will be discovered and that more research will focus on the work that Spielrein did personally. She faced many obstacles, both because she was a woman working in a predominantly male profession and because she was Jewish during a period of violent antisemitism. Her tragic death cut short a life of promise. Spielrein in the Arts Sabina has recently become the subject of books, films, and plays, including: A Secret Symmetry: Sabina Spielrein Between Freud and Jung, a 1982 book by Aldo CarotenutoA Most Dangerous Method, a 1993 book by John KerrSabina, a 1998 play by Snoo WilsonIch hieß Sabina Spielrein (My Name was Sabina Spielrein), a documentary made in 2002  The Talking Cure, a play written in 2003 by Christopher HamptonSabina Spielrein: Forgotten Pioneer of Psychoanalysis, a published in 2003 that includes extracts from Sabinas diary and letters exchanged with Jung  A Dangerous Method, a 2011 film starring Keira Knightley as Spielrein

Essay on Employee Motivation and Performance - 17868 Words

[pic] Master of Business Administration (MBA) An analysis of the Effects of Rewards and Compensation on Employees’ Motivation and Performance Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements to the University of Wales for the award of the Degree Of Master of Business Administration (MBA) April 2012 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. |Signed | |(Candidate) | |Date | | |†¦show more content†¦|Signed | |(Candidate) | |Date | | | ABSTRACT Working with full potential and applying all efforts to the work in order to get a higher level of productivity, an employee also expecting the reward and recognition from the organization. Most of the time the organizations are having not very valid performance management system, sometimes, those employees get the promotions or comparatively putting less efforts than the other employees therefore , those employees that are applying all their efforts in order to get the reward are less motivated and demoralized . Those employees try to compensate themselves according to their own thinking. Most of the time these employees lower their productivity level because they did not get the reward for which they were applying their efforts. This can be a disaster for any organization and its productivity. As a result, when the loyal and more productive employees are not giving their best efforts, the overall productivity of the organization comes to a lower level. On the other hand those emplo yees that have bought the rewards and the recognition without any effortShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Employee Motivation And Employee Performance2816 Words   |  12 Pagescould help improve employees performance at the workplace in order to reduce turnover rates and attain sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to investigate factors that motivate today’s employees, possible relationship between employee motivation and employee Performance as well as factors that might underlie such a relationship. In this Review of Literature section, I will introduce broad definitions of employee motivation, the theories of motivation that are relevant to this studyRead MoreMotivation Employee Performance And Success1255 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization’s performance and success. So motivating employees is considered by organizations as crucial to retain the employees and drive them to perform better. 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Provide the right wages to employees with different levels of expertise andRead MorePerformance Appraisal and Employee Motivation1443 Words   |  6 Pagesteams, quality circles, and of course regular performance appraisals. The performance of the organization is dependent on sum total of the performance of its employees. Thus the success of the organization will, therefore depend on its ability to measure accurately the performance of its members and use it objectively to optimize them as a vital resources. Performance can be measured by some combination of quantity, quality, time and cost. Performance thus refers to the degree of accomplishmentRead MoreImpact of Employee Motivation on Performance4055 Words   |  17 PagesInternational Journal of Business Trends and Technology- volume2Issue4- 2012 Impact of Employee Motivation on Performance (Productivity) In Private Organization 1Nupur Chaudhary, 2Dr. Bharti Sharma, 1Research Scholar, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, 2Associate Professor, St. Wilfred. College, Jaipur, Abstract - Doing Business all over the world is very challenging. Corporate performance and revenue growth are challenge by Internal and external operating environment factors. To surviveRead MoreInfluence Of Motivation On Employee Performance3643 Words   |  15 Pages BUS103 Organizational Behavior Semester 2, 2014 Influence of motivation strategies on employee performance Presented by Student no. 101750 Student name: Shabbir Aun Ali Tutorial no. 1 AIH Higher Education Executive Summary It is generally acknowledged in the human asset writing that Motivation of workers in all areas is a key to ideal execution. As the associations need to expand specialist’s execution it is test to accomplish the general destination of the association to embraceRead MoreTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE1110 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation can be a key-contributing factor in employee performance. It is of great importance to an organization to recognize ways in which it can use employee motivation to positively affect employee performance. The methods used by organizations to motivate its employees are essential in determining how they affect employee performance. There are both positive and negative motivational tools that may be explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between motivation andRead MoreMotivation Theories and Employee Performance Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesIn an organization, it is very important to le arn how to motivate employees. Motivation refers to the set of forces that influence people to choose various behaviors among several alternatives available to them. The performance of an employee is definitely affected by motivation, his capabilities, and the work environment (Shanks, 2007). The management of an organization is constantly under the challenge of motivating the workforce for two purposes. The first reason is to motivate employees intoRead MoreEmployee Motivation And Job Performance Evaluation Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pagesworkers’ performance; in doing so, it will promote an effective strategy which can be outlined with an accurate, clear description of the job. In addition, to the evaluation of the workers’ performance through a job performance evaluation. An organization must understand their employees and what tools and skills are needed to be successful in the outline position, the need to make and maintain reachable goals and managers will need to lead by example; thus, creating employee motivation and increasedRead MoreImpact of Motivation on Employee Job Performance11448 Words   |  46 Pagesabout his or her underlying motivation. Motivation is a decision-making process, through which the individual chooses the desired outcomes and sets in motion the behavior appropriate to them. Motivation is defined as an urge in an individual to perform goal directed behavior. Therefore, motivation cannot be inflicted from outside but it is an intrinsic desire in a man to achieve the target goal through performance or activity. According to a model by Herzberg, â€Å"motivation is influenced by maintenance

Essay on Steroids Effects on baseball and the Players

Steroids have taken over the game of baseball and more players are starting to get involved with them. Steroids are a big part of the Major League today in 2014, yet they entered the game of baseball through trainer Curtis Wenzlaff in 1992. Players and the game’s images are ravaged when they become caught up in steroids. Some of the best players to ever play the game of baseball have been caught up in steroids, including Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, and Mark McGwire. Players with this level of skill are supposed to be role models for younger kids, yet younger kids see that they used steroids and are tempted to use them. When their young, impressionable minds witness steroids use, naturally kids attempt to imitate their idols. More†¦show more content†¦Also, steroids can cause men’s testicals to shrink (Mitchell 55). Baseball players who use steroids are so mentally focused on the positive effects of steroids that they forget to think about the negative effects on mental health, the liver, the cardiovascular system, and the reproductive system. The main type of steroids causing all this chaos to the body are called Anabolic steroids. Anabolic steroids are used the most often in Major League Baseball (MLB). The reasons why MLB players get caught up in Anabolic steroids is because they have so much pressure on them to hit home runs, get on base, and entertain. To help them cope with their pressure, they turn to Anabolic steroids because of the fast gains and positive impacts players experience after treatment. This is a positive for baseball fans, who have seen an increase in home runs hit; for example, in just a five-year span between 1961 and 1996, there was an increase of nine players who hit at least forty home runs in just one season. Anabolic steroids also make one’s hands faster and they increase muscle in areas like the pectorals and forearms. When players are going through a slump and they hear about all of these benefits of Ana bolic steroids, they are tempted by this easy fix. Despite all of these positives, negatives also come with steroid use. Anabolic steroids can be taken two different ways - by injection, whichShow MoreRelated A Baseball Proposal Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesA Baseball Proposal Ever since the creation of Americas favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been an integral part of the game. Each era of baseball has offered new and improved techniques for cheating the game of baseball. Cheating has become a common occurrence in baseball, from the 1919 Chicago BlackRead MoreThe Effect of Steriods in Major League Baseball Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is known as America’s pastime and is one of the most popular, respected sports on earth. Since the beginning of the sport, it seemingly advances with technology every year making faster and stronger players. The use of steroids became rampant and spread among players and has carried them away from the true history of the game they play. Controversy still today runs around the sport today about fines, punishments and record breaking. The past two decades of Major League Baseball have beenRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Steroids are unhealthy for baseball players and they are giving the game of baseball a bad reputation. Since steroids have become such a hot topic in Major League Baseball (MLB) fans have had nothing but bad things to say about the sport and its players. When sports illustrated asked some of its readers to give reaction to the steroid controversy in the MLB here is what baseball fan Howard Langsner from New York had to say Horrible, just horrible. We takeRead More Steroid Abuse Hurts Baseball Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of America?s Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behaviorRead More steroids in Baseball Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pages Steroids in Baseball: The Future of Baseball nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It was a warm, sultry night in September. The fans were crazed in anticipation as Mark McGwire stepped to the plate. With a gentle stretch, he paused, patiently poised, waiting for what would eventually be the greatest hit baseball had ever seen. The pitcher, Steve Trachsel, came set. He shot a determined look to the dirt. In a rivalry such as this (Cubs, Cardinals) he did not want to be the one to give up the great numberRead More Steroids Essay572 Words   |  3 Pages Steroid use in Major League Baseball is a topic of growing concern. Over the past few months, different allegations toward certain superstars and their involvement with illegal anabolic steroids have surfaced. From books written by ex-ballplayers to accusations by ex-trainers of the players, steroids are clearly all over the teams clubhouses when it shouldn’t be. Steroids connection with Major League Baseball today should clearly not be allowed because it gives the users a decisive ed ge over theRead MoreSteroids : The Corruption Of Baseball1287 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids: The Corruption of Baseball Steroids changed the game of baseball for an era by transforming the game from defensively oriented mindsets to who could offensively â€Å"out-slug† one another. Steroids have changed the game of baseball due to the fact that it makes you stronger and the players that use it can hit the ball a lot further than others. Steroids are performance enhancing drugs most commonly used by athletes or bodybuilders so that they can gain more muscle quickly and easily to haveRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On Sports Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pages Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are a substance that is most commonly used by a small number of athletes take to make their body stronger, get bigger, and recover quicker. They are synthetic substance that is similar to the male hormone testosterone(Steroid Effects). They can be taken in several forms such as shot,pill or gel. The arguments for and against steroids are very common and there are several strong points made for each argument. Steroids are extremely powerful substances that haveRead MoreSpeech On Steroids And Major League Baseball1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthis record is controversial, due to steroid use. B. Thesis: Today I am going to persuade you all about the use of steroids in Major League Baseball, persuading you why steroids should not be allowed in Major League Baseball. I have a call to action for all of you to help others if they are considering using steroids, and next time you watch a MLB game to realize the impact of steroids. C. Credibility: Gave my informative speech on Steroids in Major League Baseball D. WIIFM: My survey stated you all

Energy Crisis in Pakistan Free Essays

Energy is the bloodline of a country’s economy. A continuous and sufficient energy `supply can ensure a healthy and progressive economy. Pakistan is unfortunate to face severe energy crisis in recent years. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Crisis in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The parting gap between demand and supply is mounting with every year and it is pushing the country into dark ages. Worst part of this menace is the fact the installed capacity of electricity can not only fulfill the energy demand but can also produce surplus amounts of energy. The highest peaks of energy demand are up to 14000 to 14,500 MW and the power generation capacity is 19.500MW. Hence the problem is an outcome of the absence of any viable solutions to add energy to the national grid. The pertaining factors which caused such an intense situation are expensive means of energy production, transmission line losses, lack of infrastructure, circular debts and electricity theft. In addition to that the economy is sinking like rock due to the quagmire of scarcity of power. It had serious implications on business activity and country faces a shutdown of industry, drain of capital, unemployment and no foreign direct investment. The falling economy took the crutches of foreign debts which caused soaring high amounts of utility bills. Now a days electricity situation is worst and country is challenged by an immense power blackout. The failure of the government to secure sustainable, dedicated and affordable energy supplies has resulted in closure of hundreds of units. It created an outcry in industrial community. It is high time to rectify the mistakes of past and implement long term and short term energy projects to fulfill the future day need of power. How to cite Energy Crisis in Pakistan, Papers

Ppg Developing a Self Directed Work Force free essay sample

The workers union in a non-self-directed workforce gave them headaches. The workers were only allowed to perform one job task. It prevented them from working efficiently. If a machine broke, a worker would not be allowed to fix it themselves because that was against union policy. They would have to wait for a repair person to come over and fix it. The inefficiency and over-hiring of personnel cost too much money. PPG believed they would save money and become more efficient by implementing a self-directed work force. PPG 3 For the hiring process in Berea, the employees had to have certain characteristics. They needed to be fast learners. They had to know how to do everyone’s job. If they didn’t know, they had to be trained on the spot and learn how to do it immediately. They needed to be self-motivated. If someone was doing bad work, they would need to know how to fix it or immediately train the person doing the job wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Ppg Developing a Self Directed Work Force or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That goes along with good communication skills and good teaching abilities. They needed team players since people working would be working together all the time. If a problem came up, they would need to have good problem solving skills. Since there would be no middle management, organization skills and perfectionism were going to be important too. The assessment center definitely found employees that were faster learners, had good communication skills, and good teaching abilities. The first simulation was to read instructions so that tested fast learning, being perfect, and how organized they were. The second simulation tested training abilities and communication. The third test was to test team skills and look for natural leaders. It was somewhat effective, but I don’t think it was truly effective. Natural leaders that work together often clash for power so in a real work environment, I would think that they’re natural leadership mentality would conflict with other natural leaders hired. I also think it lacked in self-motivation because, it was an interview. Everyone is always motivated for an interview. Self-motivation is very difficult to test I would think. In an interview, they would be motivated to get a job so they would do well. In the real world, they already have a job so what would their motivation be? It’s different for everyone. In the second simulation, they purposely threw in a jackass in there to screw things up and test patience. That’s bad. Just like motivation, patience is very difficult to test. In an interview, I’m sure anyone would be patient in teaching. PPG 4 In the real work environment, I would assume that some people would act differently. Similar to the Hawthorne studies, since they knew they are being watched, they’ll be good at being a cooperative good teacher. There was a complaint from candidates that they were confused. They didn’t know what to expect. They got lost and thought it was part of the test. So there’s a chance that the simulations missed some people that would have been great for the system. It helped find the employees strengths they were looking for. At the same time, since it was a test, it hid some weaknesses. Underlying tensions of the system: Resentment between support workers and technicians. Since they’re pretty much doing the same thing, I would make them all technicians. In this scenario, a title is pretty important value if there were two types of workers. Especially if the coordinator eventually calls on technicians to see what’s going on if there is a problem. If there needs to be a change in title, there should be technician and senior technician. At least the technicians in this case would also be responsible for problem solving duties, thus giving him more responsibility, more opportunities, and possible intrinsic rewards. Since everyone is a technician, I bet they would have more of a team atmosphere. Everyone would be equally responsible for a project. Plus, everyone would have opportunities become senior technicians over time. This resentment is also partially due to the hiring process. If the supporters were really self-motivated, then they would consistently ask to be taught something they don’t know. PPG 5 Coordinators worrying about working themselves out of a job: Similar to Kerr’s motivation problem, Kerr had several examples where a motivation leads to a negative or oppositely intended action. They need to be assured that their job is secure. The plant has a finite size, so there will need to be a finite number of coordinators. Have that number be guaranteed so no coordinators will be let go. Make sure coordinators train a certain number of people every day/week/month. That’ll help them secure their job. Plus, get rewards for training. Let them know, there’s always room for improvement. There are an infinite number of projects that need to be coordinated all of the time. 360 degree evaluation process might work here. A 36 week job rotation: The solution to this problem is to increase more ergonomic equipment and supplies. They need ergonomic, chairs, stations, back braces, arm braces, wrist braces, leg braces and knee braces. They need to take more frequent breaks in between working hours. Proper stretching before working will help as well. Ergonomics training classes should be held to educate workers about repetitive motion sickness. Job rotation can then be increased back to 50 hours. Recognition and rewards, didn’t want to get praised. Praise and individual rewards should be given privately. Team rewards should be implemented. Promotions should be decided by a combination of seniority and possibly 360 degree evaluation. Maybe even by voting? Employees unhappy about shift rotations and company policy. More pay to people that work night shifts. Don’t delegate shifts. Let employees decide first. Seniority gets priority. Maybe change them on a yearly basis. PPG 6 Management can’t give company policy powers to the workers. Management needs to make those decisions and stick by them. If the employees make those types of decisions, the benefits might become outrageous. It sounds like they still need a union. A union that will let workers do multiple tasks and have more flexibility. Reward systems that can help PPG, skill based pay – based on skill. Get certified, get a raise. The more jobs mastered, the higher the pay. Broad banding – create bands. Each band has a pay scale and employees move laterally in the band. Band one – supporters, technicians Band two – coordinators, middle management Band three – upper management Concierge service – services in the company so that employees have less to worry about and can concentrate on their job. Provide massages during breaks, basketball court – play ball during breaks, gain-sharing – share company financial gain with employees.

Consumer Councils in India Essays

Consumer Councils in India Essays Consumer Councils in India Essay Consumer Councils in India Essay Hence, because of all this, safeguarding consumer interests is a very important process for the government. Owing to all these, consumers consideration and protection has been taken care of since ancient times. During recent times, or contemporary times in India, the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is one of the most important things to have happened as it introduced a quasi-Judicial consumer dispute redressed mechanism for the first time which consists of Central Consumer Councils, State Consumer Council and District Consumer Council. Now in this research paper the researchers are going to deal with these consumer councils and how they deal with furthering and safeguarding the consumer interests in India. For this reason, various cases which the Councils have discussed has been put into this research paper to UT forth how the consumer interests are being taken care of. This research paper moves on after discussing about Consumer Protection Act, 1986 and the various councils set up under it. It also talks about consumer dispute redressed agencies set up under this act. Overall, there have been many other consumer protection laws, but they have all taken a backseat once the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 came upfront and this research paper mainly deals with the same. With all these new products stepping into the market with its new goods and services, consumer rights and interests have to be protected and when protection is needed, acts like Consumer Protection Act, 1986 come up and also these acts are modified as was done with this act in 1991, 1993 and 2002. Hence, this research project discusses every important change that came up and the need for it to further protect the consumer interests in India. Like adulterated food is dangerous to life. Further, in the words of Winfield: The principle has been extended from articles of food and drink and includes, inter alai, kiosks, hair dye, tombstones, industrial chemicals, toys, motor cars, lifts and scented erasers and poisonous pencils. the right to be informed about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard and price of goods or revise : It is to save consumers from false descriptions about the quality and quantity of the goods, exaggerated and misleading information about the goods power. Iii) the right of accession to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices : This right is based upon the belief that the consumers should be given wider choice through free competition and it is the best way to improve the quality and value for money. If a shopkeeper leaves no choice for the consumer but to buy a particular good only, the helpless consumer can bring the matter in front the council. He right to due attention at a ppropriate forums : Prior to the Consumer Protection Act, consumers had to approach the civil court for the settlement of the grievance which would take years. It frustrates the objective of right to speedy and simple remedy. Thus it is duty of the council to see that the consumer is heard and receives due consideration. (v) the right to seek redressed against exploitation, and restrictive and unfair trade practices : The consumer has the right to seek redressed against unscrupulous exploitation, and restrictive or unfair trade practices. Booking of a marriage lawn on non-refundable deposit has been led to be an unfair trade practice. V) the right to consumer education : For the proper functioning of the law, it is necessary that the people are aware of their legal rights. The Council has been charged with the responsibility of rendering consumers conscious of their rights and power under the act. The enforcement of these objectives is on various authorities under the Act. Independently of the administrative proceedings, individual consumers would have a right of action for damages, specific performance, a declaration, injunction and an ord er for the replacement or reparation of the goods.

A Brief History of Adidas

A Brief History of Adidas Although urban legend has it that the word Adidas is an anagram of the phrase all day I dream about sports, the athletic wear company gets its name from its founder, Adolph Adi Dassler. He and his brother founded the company that would become a worldwide brand, but their history as members of the Nazi Party isnt as well known. Beginnings of Adidas Shoes In 1920, at the age of 20, avid soccer player  Adolph  (Adi)  Dassler, son of a cobbler,  invented spiked shoes for track and field. Four years later Adi and his brother Rudolph (Rudi) founded the German sports shoe company  Gebrà ¼der Dassler OHG- later known as  Adidas. T By 1925 the Dasslers were making leather  shoes  with nailed studs and track shoes with hand-forged spikes. Beginning with the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam, Adis uniquely designed shoes began to gain a worldwide reputation.  Jesse Owens  was wearing a pair of Dasslers track shoes when he won four gold medals for the US  at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. At the time of his death in 1959, Dassler held over 700 patents related to sports shoes and other athletic equipment. In 1978, he was inducted into the American Sporting Goods Industry Hall of Fame as one of the founders of the modern sporting goods industry. The Dassler Brothers and World War II During the war, both Dassler brothers were members of the NSDAP (The National Socialist German Workers Party)  and eventually even produced a weapon called Panzerschreck an anti-tank bazooka, made with the help of forced labor. The Dasslers both joined the Nazi Party prior to the war, and Adi supplied shoes to the Hitler Youth movement, and to German athletes at the 1936 Olympics. Its also believed that Adi Dassler used Russian prisoners of war to help at his factory during the war since there was a labor shortage due to the war effort. The Dasslers had a falling out during the war; Rudolf believed Adi had identified him as a traitor to American forces. In 1948, Rudi founded what would later become Puma, a rival shoe company to Adidas. Adidas in the Modern Era In the 1970s, Adidas was the top athletic shoe brand sold in the US. Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier were both wearing Adidas boxing shoes in their Fight of the Century in 1971. Adidas was named the official supplier for the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Although still a strong, well-known brand today, Adidas share of the world sports shoe market dropped over the years, and what began as a German family business is now a corporation (Adidas-Salomon AG) combined with the French global concern Salomon. In 2004 Adidas bought Valley Apparel Company, a U.S. company that held licenses for outfitting more than 140 U.S. college athletic teams. In 2005 Adidas announced that it was purchasing the American shoemaker Reebok, which allowed it to compete more directly with Nike in the U.S. But the Adidas world headquarters are still located in Adi Dasslers hometown of Herzogenaurach. They also have an ownership stake in German soccer club 1. FC Bayern Mà ¼nchen.

Classic Airlines marketing Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Classic Airlines marketing Solution - Essay Example As per the case study, the firm is losing its profitability and faring really poorly against its competitors. Customer retention rate is poor and the service is very inadequate. Root Cause Analysis Model The Root Cause Analysis (RCA) model is used in internal audits and other problem detection fields. It is â€Å"a research-based approach to identify the bottom-line reason of a problem with root cause representing the problem† (Mainardi, 2011: p180). It involves a structured investigation into a given problem to ascertain the true and real cause of a given problem (Anderson et al, 2009). This is done to ensure the continuous improvement in the quality and systems of a given organization. Root Cause Analysis is a practical transition from the apparent cause analysis to the examination and critique of the root cause of a given problem. This involves the identification of the actual causes in order to find the intermediate causes and from there, detect the root causes (Lorenzo an d Hanson, 2008). Issues in Classic Airline's Marketing Unit From the case study, some apparent causes and issues are identifiable in Classic Airline's marketing unit. In order to identify it and critique it better, it will be worthwhile to identify the apparent issues, the intermediate issues in order to identify the root cause. A. ... The deregulation of the markets and the integration of small carriers and other overseas investors has led to price wars and other competitive restructuring. Classic Airline's extremely low margins give a strong indication that the airline is really losing out in the competition presented by the other airline companies in the industry. Market Share Issues The failure to compete on the markets have led to a sharp fall in the market share that Classic Airline controls. There customer retention of the company has been weakened by the competition posed by other companies. This is because their current reward program has lost as much as 19% of its members, which has culminated in the reducing the flights of the company by as much as 21%. B. Intermediate Issues Areas of Interest: Marketing Alliances & Restructuring of Marketing It has become almost apparent that the firm needs to restructure its marketing units, the marketing structures and the marketing alliance programs. This is meant to correct the wrongs in the company and also retain some degree of stability. This has created two issues which also needs to be examined and resolved from the root-cause approach. Cost Structure Issues The quick and aggressive growth of the firm has been identified as a major cause of issues with the company. The reduction of the cost budget by a whopping 21.5% and the reduction of budgets in other departments is one of the apparent issues. It will therefore be worthwhile to identify the impact of this reduction and the best way of soothing its effects and correcting its issues. This include amongst other things, infighting amongst the executive managers, and the reduction in important units

Business Cloud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Cloud - Essay Example For instance, information of an organization needs to be protected and is the ultimate responsibility of the board of director for which they are also liable. Likewise, transferring information on the cloud determines that it is not managed by the organization anymore and any consequence or a breach of data occurring on the vendor side will be a prime threat to the organization. Therefore, information security is the part of due care and due diligence that is derived from the responsible employees of the organization. Cloud Deployment Models It is the prime responsibility of the ‘Business Cloud’ to protect intellectual property and confidential information that may be related to customer personal information, trade secrets, patents etc. Breach of any one of these classified information types can result in a permanent loss of business and ultimately bankruptcy that may result in legal and regulatory compliance. Likewise, before making any strategy for transferring critica l applications to the cloud, it is important to analyze deployment and service models of cloud computing. The correct choice needs to be made in order to align business requirements to the correct deployment and service model without any unnecessary risk. ‘Business Cloud’ will select the best possible cloud computing deployment method as per their business requirements and compatibility factors. Below are the four deployment methods are available for selection: Private Cloud The private cloud is also referred as a neologism. However, the concept of this term out dates cloud computing by 40 years. Private clouds are recommended for organization requiring advanced security and privacy measures. The private cloud is administered exclusively for only a single organization, in order to maintain strict level of security (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Community Cloud As compared to a private cloud, the community cloud is shared among many organizations having identical business requirements. Moreover, the required infrastructure is shared among all the organization that is connected to the cloud saving the cost and demonstrates one of the advantages of cloud computing (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Public Cloud Public computing is a traditional approach where the resources are accessible on the Internet. Third party providers, known as the cloud vendors, organize the hosting for these resources on the Internet. The services and resources on this cloud are accessible to the public and groups of various industries (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Hybrid Cloud A hybrid cloud comprises of a mixture of all types of clouds i.e. public, private and community. Most organizations deploy this type of cloud as it provides a range of options in the context of accessibility. By incorporating hybrid clouds, issues such as PCI compliance can be eliminated (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud computing consists of applications that are represent ed as a service on the web and the provision of hardware / software services provided by companies operating data centers. Likewise, the services provided over the Internet are referred as (Software as a Service) ‘SaaS’. There are few sellers who use the term (Infrastructure as a

Fiber optics and its applications

Fiber optics and its applications INTRODUCTION Nothing in the world gives us more power and confidence than having information. The ability to communicate information is essential to achieve the successful advancement of humankind. Transmission of information is imperative to the expansion of our horizons. What does this all have to do with fiber optics? This research paper will cover the basis of fiber optics in terms of its transmission, communication, origin, uses and applications. Fiber optics transports light in a very directional way. Light is focused into and guided through a cylindrical glass fiber. Inside the core of the fiber light bounces back and forth at angles to the side walls, making its way to the end of the fiber where it eventually escapes. The light does not escape through the side walls because of total internal reflection. Why is fiber optics so important? Besides being a flexible conduit that is used to illuminate microscopic objects, fiber optics can also transmit information similarly to the way a copper wire can transmit electricity. However, copper transmits only a few million electrical pulses per second, compared to an optical fiber that carries up to a 20 billion light pulses per second. This means telephone, cable and computer companies can handle huge amounts of data transfers at once, much more than conventional wires can carry. Fiber optic cable was developed because of the incredible increase in the quantity of data over the past 20 years. Without fiber optic cable, the modern Internet and World Wide Web would not be possible. WHAT IS FIBER OPTICS? Fiber optics is extremely thin strands of purified glass that carry information from one point to another in the form of light. Unlike copper wire, fiber optics does not use electricity during transmission. Optical fibers can be either glass or plastic tubing capable of transmitting light, which is then converted into sound, speech or information. Fiber optic cables transmit a digital signal via pulses of light through the very thin strands of glass. A basic fiber optic system consists of: a transmitting device, which generates the light signal, an optical fiber cable, which carries the light, and a receiver, which accepts the light signal that was transmitted. A fiber optic strand is about the thickness of a human hair, about 120 micrometers in diameter and can carry as many as 20 billion light pulses per second. The fibers are bundled together to form optical bundles, which transmit the light signals over long distances up to 50 km without the need for repeaters. Each optic fiber is made up of three main parts: The core or the centre of the optical fiber is a very thin strand of glass that carries the light signal. The cladding is the optical material which reflects the light signals back into the core. This prevents the light from escaping and allows it to travel through the fiber. The outside jacket or buffer coating is made of a plastic material that protects the optical fiber from any moisture, corrosion and external damage. There are only two types of fiber optic cable: Glass fibers, which are more common, because they allow longer distance transmission and they are more efficient. Plastic optical fibbers are used in less technical applications and are normally used in very short-length transmissions. HOW ARE OPTICAL FIBERS MADE? Optical fibers are made of very pure glass. The glass core or centre is made of silica and is purified to minimise the loss of signal. It then gets coated to protect the fibers and to contain the light signals. The light signals carried by the optical cable consist of electrical signals that have been converted or changed into light energy. The following process is followed to manufacture the optical fibers: The Manufacturing of the Preform Blank The silica must first be purified before it can be spun into glass fibers. This process takes a long time and the silica is heated to very high temperatures and then distilled to purification. The sand is heated to a temperature that will change the silica into a gaseous state. The silica will then be combined with other materials called dopants, which will react with the silica (in its gaseous state) to form the fibers. All the solid impurities are removed and the gas is cooled to form the fiber material. A process called modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD) is used to change the glass into the preform blank. During this process oxygen is bubbled through solutions of silicon chloride (SiCl4), germanium chloride (GeCl4) and other chemicals. The gas vapours are channelled to the inside of a synthetic silica quartz tube in a special lathe to form the cladding. While the lathe rotates a burning flame is moved back and forth on the outside of the tube. The extreme heat from the burner causes the following: The silicon and the germanium react with oxygen to form silicon dioxide (SiO2) and germanium dioxide (GeO2). The silicon dioxide and the germanium dioxide settles on the inside of the tube and it fuses together to form glass. The lathe turns continuously to allow the preform blank to be coated evenly. To maintain the purity of the glass a corrosion resistant plastic is used to accurately control the flow and the structure of the mixture. This process of manufacturing the preform blank takes a couple of hours. The preform blank is cooled and is inspected for quality through an inspection and control process. Drawing fibers from the Preform Blank After testing the preform, it is placed into a fiber drawing tower. The preform blank gets lowered into a furnace and is heated between 1,900 °C to 2,200 °C until the tip starts to melt an a molten blob starts to fall down. As it drops down, it cools and forms a strand. This strand is pulled through a sequence of coating cups (buffer applicators) and curing ovens using ultraviolet light, and then coiled onto a tractor-controlled reel. This process is accurately controlled using a laser micrometer to measure the thickness of the fiber. This information is then sent back to the tractor mechanism. The tractor mechanism pulls the fibers at a rate of 10 to 20m/sec and the finished product is wound onto a spool. A spool can contain more than 2,2km of optical fiber Testing the Finished Optical Fiber Once the optical fiber is manufactured it goes through a process of testing. The following tests are done: Tensile strength The fibers must withstand 100,000 lb/in2 or more Refractive index profile Determine that the core diameter, cladding dimensions and coating diameter are uniform. Screen also for optical defects. Attenuation Determine the extent that light signals of various wavelengths degrade or reduce over certain distances. Information carrying capacity (bandwidth) the number of signals that can be carried at one time (multi-mode fibers) Chromatic dispersion Spread of various wavelengths of light through the core, this is very important for bandwidth. Operating temperature/humidity range Determines the temperature and humidity that the fiber can withstand. Ability to conduct light underwater Important for undersea cables Once t ­he fibers have passed the quality control process, they are sold to telephone companies, cable companies and network providers. Currently many companies are replacing their old copper-wire-based systems with new fiber-optic-based systems to improve speed, capacity and clarity. TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBERS There are two types of optical fibers: Single Mode Fiber Single mode fibers transmit a single data stream. The core of the glass fiber is much finer than in multi-mode fibers. Light thus travels parallel to the axis, creating little pulse dispersion. Data transmission modes are higher, and the distances that single mode fiber can cover can be over 50 times longer than multi-mode fibers. Telephone and cable television networks install millions of kilometers of this fiber every year. Multi-Mode Fiber Multi-mode fibers allow different data streams to be sent simultaneously over a particular fiber. The glass fiber has a slightly larger diameter to allow light to be sent through the fiber at different angles. An LED or laser light source is used in the 50 micron and 62.5 micron fiber optic cables. They are also used in the same networking applications. The main difference between the two is that 50 micron fiber can support 3 times the bandwidth of 62.5 micron fiber. The 50 micron fiber also supports longer cable runs than 62.5 micron cable. Simplex cable consists of only one single fiber optic strand. The data can only be transmitted in one direction. The duplex cable is made up of two fiber optic strands that run side-by-side. One strand runs from transmit to receive and the other strand joins receive to transmit. This allows communication in both directions (bi-directional) between devices. Some optical fibers can be made from plastic. These fibers have a large core (0.04 inches or 1 mm diameter) and transmit visible red light (wavelength = 650 nm) from LEDs. Due to their inferior optical properties, plastic fiber optic (POF) strands and cables are not suitable for extended data transmission. HOW DOES A FIBER OPTIC CABLE WORK? Traditionally when we sent data transmissions over copper cables we transmit electrons over a copper conductor. Fiber optic cables transmit a digital signal via pulses of light through a very thin strand of glass. The fiber strands are extremely thin, not much thicker than a human hair. The basic fiber optic transmission system consists of three basic components: Transmitter fiber optic cable receiver A transmitter is connected to the one end of the fiber cable. Electronic pulses are converted by the transmitter into light pulses and the optical signal gets sent through the fiber cable. A receiver on the other end decodes the optical signal into digital pulses. The core of the cable is surrounded by a cladding which reflects the light back into the core and eliminates light from escaping the cable. This is called total internal reflection. When light is sent through the core of a fiber optic cable, the light constantly bounces off the cladding, which is highly reflective, like a mirror-lined wall. The cladding does not absorb any light allowing complete internal reflection and allowing the light to travel far distances without losing its intensity. The discovery of lasers influenced the development of fiber optics. Lasers and LEDs can generate an enormous amount of light in a very small area, which can successfully used in fiber optics. Laser diodes are complex semiconductors that convert an electrical current into light. The process of converting the electrical signal into light is far more efficient because it generates less heat than an ordinary light bulb. Reasons for using laser diodes in fiber optics: laser diodes are very small laser diodes are highly reliable and have a long life laser diodes have high radiance laser diodes emit light into a very small area laser diodes can be turned on and off at very high speeds ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTICS The use of fiber optics is fast becoming the medium of choice for telecommunication systems, television transmission and data networks. Fiber optic cables have a multitude of advantages and benefits over the more traditional methods of information systems, such as copper or coaxial cables. Speed One of the greatest benefits to using fiber optic systems is the capacity and speed of such a system. Light travels faster than an electrical system which allows faster delivery and reception of information. Fiber optic cables also have a much higher capacity for bandwidth than the more traditional copper cables. Immunity to electromagnetic interference Coaxial cables have a tendency for electromagnetic interference, which renders them less effective. Fiber optics is not affected by external electrical signals, because the data is transmitted with light. Security Optical systems are more secure than traditional mediums. Electromagnetic interference causes coaxial cables to leak information. Optical fiber makes it impossible to remotely detect the signal being transmitted within the cable. The only way to do so is by actually accessing the optical fiber itself. Accessing the fiber requires intervention that is easily detectable by security surveillance. These circumstances make fiber extremely attractive to governments, banks and companies requiring increased security of data. Fire prevention Copper wire transmission can generate sparks, causing shortages and even fire. Because fiber optical strands use light instead of electricity to carry signals, the chance of an electrical fire is eliminated. This makes fiber optics an exceptionally safe form of wiring and one of the safest forms of data transmission. Data signalling Fiber optic systems are much more effective than coaxial or copper systems, because there is minimal loss of data. This can be credited to the design of optical fibers, because of the principle of total internal reflection. The cladding increases the effectiveness of data transmission significantly. There is no crosstalk between cables, e.g. telephone signals from overseas using a signal bounced off a communications satellite, will result in an echo being heard. With undersea fiber optic cables, you have a direct connection with no echoes. Unlike electrical signals in copper wires the light signals from one fiber do not interfere with those of other fibers in the same cable. This means clearer phone conversations or TV reception. Less expensive Several kilometers of optical cable can be made far cheaper than equivalent lengths of copper wire. Service, such as the internet is often cheaper because fiber optic signals stay strong longer, requiring less power over time to transmit signals than copper-wire systems, which need high-voltage transmitters. Large Bandwidth, Light Weight and Small Diameter Modern applications require increased amounts of bandwidth or data capacity, fiber optics can carry much larger bandwidth through a much smaller cable and they arent prone to the loss of information. With the rapid increase of bandwidth demand, fiber optics will continue to play a vital role in the long-term success of telecommunications. Space constraints of many end-users are easily overcome because new cabling can be installed within existing duct systems. The relatively small diameter and light weight of optical cables makes such installations easy and practical. Easy Installation and Upgrades Long lengths of optical cable make installation much easier and less expensive. Fiber optic cables can be installed with the same equipment that is used to install copper and coaxial cables. Long Distance Signal Transmission The low attenuation and superior signal capacity found in optical systems allow much longer intervals of signal transmission than metallic-based systems. Metal based systems require signal repeaters to perform satisfactory. Fiber optic cables can transmit over 100km with no active or passive processing. Even greater distances are being investigated for the future. To use fiber optics in data systems have proven to be a far better alternative to copper wire and coaxial cables. As new technologies are developed, transmission will become even more efficient, assuring the expansion of telecommunication, television and data network industries. DISADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTICS Despite the many advantages of fiber optic systems, there are some disadvantages. The relative new technology of fiber optic makes the components expensive. Fiber optic transmitters and receivers are still somewhat expensive compared to electrical components. The absence of standardisation in the industry has also limited the acceptance of fiber optics. Many industries are more comfortable with the use of electrical systems and are reluctant to switch to fiber optics. The cost to install fiber optic systems is falling because of an increase in the use of fiber optic technology. As more information about fiber optics is made available to educate managers and technicians, the use of fiber optics in the industry will increase over time. The advantages and the need for more capacity and information will also increase the use of fiber optics. APPLICATIONS OF FIBER OPTICS As the popularity of optical fibers continue to grow, so does their applications and practical uses. Fiber optic cables became more and more popular in a variety of industries and applications. Communications / Data Storage Since fiber optics are resistant to electronic noise, fiber optics has made significant advances in the field of communications. The use of light as its source of data transmission has improved the sound quality in voice communications. It is also being used for transmitting and receiving purposes. Military Optical systems offer more security than traditional metal-based systems. The magnetic interference allows the leak of information in the coaxial cables. Fiber optics is not sensitive to electrical interference; therefore fiber optics is suitable for military application and communications, where signal quality and security of data transmission are important. The increased interest of the military in this technology caused the development of stronger fibers, tactical cables and high quality components. It was also applied in more varied areas such as hydrophones for seismic and SONAR, aircrafts, submarines and other underwater applications. Medical Fiber optic are used as light guides, imaging tools and as lasers for surgeries. Another popular use of fiber-optic cable is in an endoscope, which is a diagnostic instrument that enables users to see through small holes in the body. Medical endoscopes are used for minimally invasive exploratory or surgical procedures. Fiber optics is also used in bronchoscopes and laparoscopes. All versions of endoscopes look like a long thin tube, with a lens or camera at one end through which light is emitted from the bundle of optical fibers banded together inside the enclosure. Mechanical or Industrial Industrial endoscopes also called a borescope or fiberscope, enables the user to observe areas that are difficult to reach or see under normal circumstances, such as jet engine interiors, inspecting mechanical welds in pipes and engines, inspecting space shuttles and rockets. Inspection of sewer lines and pipes. Networking Fiber optic is used to connect servers and users in a variety of network settings. It increases the speed, quality and accuracy of data transmission. Computer and Internet technology has improved due to the enhanced transmission of digital signals through optical fibers. Industrial/Commercial Fiber optics are used for imaging in areas which are difficult to reach. It is also used in wiring where electromagnetic interference is an problem. It gets used often as sensory devices to make temperature, pressure and other measurements as well as in the wiring of motorcars and in industrial settings. Spectroscopy Optical fiber bundles are used to transmit light from a spectrometer to a substance which cannot be placed inside the spectrometer itself, in order to analyse its composition. A spectrometer analyses substances by bouncing light off of and through them. By using optical fibers, a spectrometer can be used to study objects that are too large to fit inside, or gasses, or reactions which occur in pressure vessels Broadcast/CATV/Cable Television Broadcast or cable companies use fiber optic cables for wiring CATV, HDTV, internet, video and other applications. Usage of fiber-optic cables in the cable-television industry began in 1976 and quickly spread because of the superiority of fiber optic cable over traditional coaxial cable. Fiber optic systems became less expensive and capable of transmitting clearer signals further away from the source signal. It also reduced signal losses and decreased the number of amplifiers required for each customer. Fiber optic cable allows cable providers to offer better service, because only one optical line is needed for every  ± 500 households. Lighting and Imaging Fiber optic cables are used for lighting and imaging and as sensors to measure and monitor a vast range of variables. It is also used in research, development and testing in the medical, technological and industrial fields. Fiber optics are used as light guides in medical and other applications where bright light needs to shine on a target without a clear line-of-sight path. In some buildings, optical fibers are used to route sunlight from the roof to other parts of the building. Optical fiber illumination is also used for decorative applications, including signs, art and artificial Christmas trees. Optical fiber is an essential part of the light-transmitting concrete building product, LiTraCon which is a translucent concrete building material. Conclusion With the introduction of highly transparent fiber-optic cable in the 1970s, very high-frequency laser signals now carry phenomenal loads of telephone conversations and data across the country and around the world. From surgical procedures to worldwide communication via the internet, fiber optic has revolutionised our world. Fiber optics has made important contributions to the medical field, especially with regards to surgery. One of the most useful characteristics of optical fibers is their ability to enter the minute passageways and hard-to-reach areas of the human body. But perhaps the greatest contribution of the 20th century is the combination of fiber optics and electronics to transformed telecommunications. References / Bibliography Why is fiber optics importany http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312432/lessons_part-04.html http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3706

Romulus My Father Belonging Essay

What particular insight into an understanding of belonging have you gained from Raimond Gaita’s representation of his father’s life in Romulus my Father in the early chapters of the memoir, and how his choice of language, style, voice and the use of the memoir influenced your response to his story so far In the early chapters of the memoir Gaita gives us images and ideas that he himself acquired from his father, for example ‘Though the landscape is one of rare beauty, to the English or European eye it seems desolate and even after 14 years my facer could not become reconciled to it’ is a quote said early on in the book describing Romulus’ disdain for the Australian landscape which Raimond originally also shared until his enlightenment. Romulus does not feel like he can belong in Australia early in the chapter because he still has the images of the lush, green European landscape in his mind and this leads to a sense of not belonging because he hungers for his homeland. The idea that the landscape shapes your identity and sense of belonging is something that Gaita reinforces. Another insight into belonging that Raimond tries to convey is that people gravitate to those who share similar values/language to them. Romulus is a migrant and feels lost in this country but he then finds other Romanian people and bonds with them.The house at frogmore which was isolated helped shape Gaita’s sense of belonging because he felt safe and free there, this is another example of the place where you grew up shaping your sense of belonging. Time and time again Gaita reinforces the idea that his father was a hero and someone who should be admired. This devotion and love for his father is seen throughout the memoir and we are told anecdotes explaining how Romulus made the hard decisions and tried to raise his son as a good person even going so far to beat him to reinforce these ideals such as lying is bad, respect your parents and not to steal . The repetition of this admiration is used to show the bond between a father and his child.The depression motif gives another insight into how hard it is to acquire a sense of belonging. Many characters in the memoir have depression and this is to emphasis the feeling of loneliness, desolation and non-belonging because of the migrant experience and even Romulus himself goes through states of madness during his life because of the migrant experience. Acceptance by all people is something that people must have to belong or else the sadness/loneliness may drive them to madness also. Christina is an example of this because she has no sense of belonging, travels a lot and has a lot of lovers. Gaita never says she is a bad mother even because of these things, he only reminds us she that she has problems and it is not her fault.Her attempted suicide story is used to make us feel sorry for her and pity because she has never been able to connect with anything, ‘alone, small, frailâ₠¬ ¦forsaken†, this accumulation of adjectives gives us a more descriptive picture of what was happening and how she felt. The narrative is in first person narrative and gives us a firsthand experience in what had happened. The memoir seems more real to us because it is real and therefore we can relate to it better and use it to better our lives. Though his language is more matter of fact at the beginning of the memoir, his eventual ascendance changes his language style so much that is clear that is a wiser and smarter Raimond speaking now. This higher intelligence lets us communicate with him better and so we can fully grasp what he is trying to tell us about belonging and how it is to get that true sense of belonging.

Capital Punishment And The Death Penalty - 1812 Words

Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has been a contentious issue in societies around the world for centuries, and is often considered the ultimate, irreversible punishment. In Canada, the first recorded use of the death penalty dates back to 1759, when Canada still resided as a British colony. Since then, 1,481 people have been sentenced to death in Canada, 710 of which were executed. Capital punishment was abolished in Canada on July 14th, 1976 after bill C-84 was passed by Parliament, supported by a mere 6-vote majority. In much of the United States, however, capital punishment still dominates as the preeminent punishment for severe crimes, having only been outlawed in 19 of the 50 states. Some consider the death penalty to be an adequate consequence of first degree murder. However, there are many moral, psychological, and financial implications associated with capital punishment. For numerous rationale, capital punishment should be abrogated worldwide as it is unethica l, ineffectual, monetarily wasteful, and causes superfluous moral distress among justice and prison workers. According to a 2012 study on homicide rates across the United States, death penalty states averaged a 31.8% higher homicide rate from 1991 to 2011 than non-death penalty states. Similarly, the homicide rate in countries with capital punishment averages 33.9% higher than the homicide rate in countries that have abolished capital punishment. This raises the question: Is the death penaltyShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. 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Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. 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Menu Evaluation Recipe And Beverage List For A...

Assessment 1: Menu Evaluation Date of submission: August 21, 15 Friday Name: Vaibhav Vishen Student ID: L572407 Topic: Menu Evaluation Through this assessment I will be drawing my understanding based on the knowledge and my views on factors that one should consider when planning a menu and beverage list for a commercial operation. For better understanding I will be using Little Penangs menu, which is a Traditional style Malaysian restaurant based in wellington CBD, as a model for interpreting and critiquing it from a design and ergonomic perspective. Also to start with the first step in creating an à   la Carte menu is to identify the customer wishes and their assumed value decisions for the daypart in question. (Barrish, 2103, p. 50) â€Å"This consists of information concerning the public’s buying preferences and how well the sellers business meets those preferences as viewed by the potential buyer†. (Kotschevar Withrow, 2008, p. 65) Little Penang is a traditional family restaurant that serves Malaysian food and gives a variety of options for lunch and dinner. They use print and the chalkboard as a medium of showcasing their menu. Non-Laminated Quality paper with a readable font for almost all age groups, the printed menu is a one page À La Carte menu (California menu style) with six groupings. I will be critiquing the menu on the basis of the following criteria: 1. Quality: Typeface, Type of paper, Quality of paper, Legibility, Colour Schemes.Show MoreRelatedRestaurant Operation Management5805 Words   |  24 PagesRestaurant Operation Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project is about us being hired as a restaurant manager of a new American ethnic restaurant. It has a seating capacity of 80, which it serves mainly American cuisine accompanied with various types of alcohol and non-alcoholic beverages. 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Risking everything Raouf Co-founder of Kebab Serai took his family and secret recipes and moved to Auckland, New Zealand. Raouf s vision was to build a Kebab store that consistently served fresh, fast and tasty food, made from high quality ingredients. After a lot of hard work and many sleepless nights the dream became reality in 2002. 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